The Family Tree
- unknown -

I climbed our family tree and found it wasn't worth the climb
And so I scampered down, convinced it was a waste of time.
Some branches of the tree, I found were rotten to the core,
and some of the trees were full of sap and hung with Nuts galore.
I use to brag of my kinfolks before I made the climb,
But truth compels me not to tell of those not worth a dime.
And, I beg of friends who boast aloud of their ancestors great--
to climb their tree, and learn of those who weren't so straight.
I learned what family trees were like and then I scampered down.
They are like a 'tater vine' because the best is underground.

START  YOUR  FAMILY
TREE  NOW!!!

The emphasis is on NOW for a very good reason. Each Family member is a walking encyclopedia of names, relationships, dates and little family stories that no one else would know or least remember. The sad fact is that the longer you wait to ask for information the better the chance that that person will not be there when you decide to start. When that person is gone the book has been burned,

1. The place to start your genealogy research is with family members. Call or write your parents, grandparents, great Aunts and great Uncles, your parents' cousins, or any other "elder" family member you can think of. Interview them or ask them to write down all the information they can think of, including:

  • full names
  • birth dates & places
  • marriage dates & places
  • maiden names
  • death dates & places
  • place of burial
  • military service
  • interesting stories
I have to emphasize the importance of family stories. Too often genealogists can get caught up in "just the facts". Genealogy without little family stories is only history with names and dates. Everyone knows how boring it would be to read a phone book with names and numbers. The stories bring the person back to life for a few moments.

WARNINGS;
Now I have to add, do not take family stories as the gospel truth. How many dead ends do we follow because someone embellished the memory a little. At the same time, don't always take names or dates to be exact. If you are looking for Uncle Bill, remember it might be William. I almost got in a fight at a reunion because I had listed Ned's father's name as Edwin in a family tree. I tried to explain that "Ned was a common nickname for Edwin years ago. "His name is NED, and it's been Ned all my life and you better change it." was Ned's response. At the next reunion I handed him a photocopy of the Census page with his grandparents and his 8 years old father named Edwin.

For more info on collecting family stories, see Oral History Questions.

2. I think the next step is census records. These are usually the easiest records to access and often provide very good information. The first US Census was taken in 1790. They were taken every 10 years thereafter. Until 1850, the census recorded only the name of the head of household and specified how many members of the family were male, female, age 1-5, age 6-10, etc. Starting in 1850, you will find the names of all members of the household. Various other information was also provided in subsequent census'(see table below).

99% of the 1890 Census was destroyed by fire in 1921. Only a few counties remain from the states AD, DC, GA, IL, MN, NJ, NY, NC, OH, SD, & TX. There was also a Special Schedule of Union Veterans and Widows. Unfortunately, this was also partially destroyed. Alabama through Kansas,and about half of Kentucky's returns are gone. If your ancestor was from one of the remaining states, then you are among the lucky.

Because of privacy laws, the 1930 census is due to be released in the year 2002.



UNITED STATES CENSUS RECORDS
CENSUS YEAR INFORMATION PROVIDED
1790 Residence; name of head of family; # of free white males 16 yrs up; free white males under 16; # free white females; # slaves; # other persons.
1800 Residence; name of head of family; # of free white males and females under 10, 10-16, 16-26, 26-45, 45 up; all other free white persons except Indians not taxed; # slaves.
1810 Same as 1800.
1820 Residence; name of head of family; # free males & females, same age categories as 1810; foreigners not naturalized; male & female slaves & free colored persons under 14, 14-26, 26-45, 45 up; all other free persons except Indians not taxed; number of persons (including slaves) engaged in agriculture, commerce, and manufacture.
1830 Residence; name of head of family; # of free white males & females in 5 yr age groups to 20, 10 yr age groups to 100, over 100 yrs; # slaves & free colored persons in six broad age groups; # deaf & dumb under 14, 14-24, 25 up; # blind; foreigners not naturalized.
1840 Residence; name of head of family; # free white males & females in same age groups as 1830; # slaves & free colored persons in six broad age groups; # deaf and dumb; # blind; # persons employed in each of seven classes of occupations; # in school; # white persons over 20 illiterate; # pensioners for Revolutionary or military service.
1850 Residence; names of all household members; ages; sex; color (white, black or mulatto); profession, occupation, or trade for each male person over 15; value of real estate owned; place of birth; whether married within the yr; whether attended school within the yr; whether illiterate over 20; whether deaf & dumb, blind, insane or idiotic; whether a pauper or convict. Supplemental schedules for slaves listing slave's age, sex, color (B or M), fugitive from the state, # manumitted, deaf, dumb or idiotic.
1860 Same as 1850 plus value of personal property. Supplemental slave schedule adds # of slave houses.
1870 Same as 1860 plus whether parents were foreign born; month of birth if born within the yr; month of marriage if married within the yr; male citizens 21 and over, # of such persons denied the right to vote for other than rebellion.
1880 Same as 1870 minus citizen info plus street address; relationship to head of family; whether person sick or temporarily disabled, if so what condition; whether maimed, crippled or bedridden; place of birth of father and mother.
1890 Same as 1880
1900 Residence with street address; relationship to head of family; color or race (white, black, Chinese, Japanese, Indian); birth month & year; age; marital status; # yrs married; # children of wife; # children living; place of birth; parents' place of birth; citizenship; yr of immigration & # yrs in U.S.; citizenship status; occupation; can read, write & speak English; ownership of Home or Farm. Separate schedules for institutions, military establishments, and Indian reservations.
1910 Same as 1900 plus mother tongue of person and parents; whether out of work during the year; school attendance; whether a survivor of Union or Confederate Army or Navy.
1920 Residence with street address; name; relationship to head of family; sex; race; age as of Jan 1, 1920; marital status; if foreign born, yr of immigration, whether naturalized, and yr of naturalization; school attendance; literacy; birthplace of person & parents; mother tongue; ability to speak English; occupation, industry, and class of worker; home owned or rented, if owned whether free or mortgaged.


For more info on the census', see U.S. bureau of the Census, or U.S. Census Records, or Finding Treasures in the U.S. Census.

Additionally, all census' have been indexed. 1790 - 1860 are in book form by the state. 1870 has an ideal index, which is one index by name for the entire United States. 1880 & 1900 has a soundex, for which you will need a soundex guide. 1910 has miracode, for which you will need a miracode guide. Unfortunately, only a few states are indexed in miracode for 1910. 1920 also has a soundex.

For information on the soundex, see Using the Census Soundex or What is the Soundex?

3. Once you know the names of the people you are searching for, you can start getting vital records to further your research. These are birth certificates, marriage certificates and death certificates. Go to Vital Records Information - State Index or Where to write for Vital Records for on-line help. The birth certificate will give you parents names. You can get birth certificates back to 1910 for sure, usually as far back as 1880's. Death certificates will sometimes give you the names of parents and birthplace, and will usually tell you where the person is buried. These are generally available from the 1880's. Marriage certificates are more dicey. The information contained in them varies widely, with later years providing more information. You will usually get a "Miss" or Mrs." for the bride to tell if she was previously married or not. Some tell the place of birth, parents names, and even parents' place of birth. On the up side, marriage certificates are some of the oldest records available, though by no means were all marriages "officially" recorded in the old days.

4. Now you can look for other records that are available for your research. These records include:

  • Probate Records (Wills)
  • Cemetery Records
  • Naturalization Records
  • Land Records
  • Court Records
  • Military Records
Don't forget "unofficial" records such as obituaries, family Bibles, library genealogical files, and, of course, Internet files. These will run the gamut of accuracy and should not be used as conclusive proof, but they can give you valuable clues.

5. I highly suggest you document every piece of information you get. On the family sheets that you use to record your information is an area to cite your source. Do that in detail. Write it so that five years later you can immediately find that information again. For example:

"History of Johnson County" by John Smith, copyright 1935. 978.158 at Johnson County Library.

For further tips and advice, check out these sites:





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